Taking a different approach than Johnson, Nixon's Vietnamization policy focused on decreasing American military presence and intervention but is still seen as a major failure of the United States and the Nixon administration. Although his base of support was within the conservative wing of the Republican Party, and although he had made his own career as a . Perfect for both the classroom and homeschooling! In 1967, Kissinger attended a Pugwash Conference of scientists interested in nuclear disarmament. The Easter Offensive of 1972: North Vietnam Attacks the South [27] Neither North nor South Vietnam, however, had really mastered large-scale combined arms methods, compared to a NATO or Warsaw Pact level of proficiency. President Nixon, following Johnson, promoted Vietnamization, the withdrawing of American troops and handing over the great responsibility of the war to South Vietnam. Vietnamization proved to be ineffective as the South Vietnamese forces were unable to hold their own against the North without US air support as proven during Operation Lam Son 719 and the Easter Offensive. The issue of POWs would remain a controversial one for decades, despite the fact that there was no credible evidence to suggest that U.S. POWs had been kept secretly in Vietnam after the signing of the Paris accords (see Sidebar: Vietnam War POWs and MIAs). The US involvement in Vietnam is still viewed negatively. The Nixon Doctrine marked the formal announcement of the president's "Vietnamization" plan, whereby American troops would be slowly withdrawn from the conflict in Southeast Asia and be replaced. The ARVN unit had to retain its previous operational responsibility, while replacing a division that was far better equipped with helicopters than a standard U.S. More than 200,000 men were charged with draft evasion and more than 8,000 convicted. The main intention of Americans was to bring forth an established democracy to Vietnam that would overpower. After all, Nixon and his government had been secretly bombing Cambodia for the past 14 months in the Operation Breakfast (Burnett 2017). The United States and other powerful nations conquered and controlled new lands and territories. Newsman Walter Cronkite announced that he saw a stalemate as the best case scenario for the Tet Offensive. The major factors behind the introduction of Vietnamization. However, the limits of Vietnamization were soon demonstrated, when in March 1971 a large ARVN attack into Laos, code-named Lam Son 719 and designed to interdict the Ho Chi Minh Trail, ended in heavy casualties and a disorderly retreat. The North Vietnamese opened a three-pronged offensive in South Vietnam, known in the United States as the Easter Offensive, in late March 1972, expecting that a victory on the battlefield would translate into a triumph at the negotiating table. The Nixon Doctrine is announced - HISTORY

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