In a sense, the limited success of these parties bold liberation missions justifies their continued control, for it is only once transitions are complete that their extraordinary mandate will end. In fact, the competition between democracy and authoritarianism suf- Thus, a democratic state is one in which power emanates from the people. Levitsky and Way effectively distinguish their category from other similar classifications, such as Diamonds hybrid regimes and Schedlers electoral[End Page 169]autocracies. Competitive authoritarianism, the authors argue, is a more restrictive category. Liminalitya concept traditionally employed by anthropologistsdenotes the manner in which societies or individuals can inhabit a threshold status, in which they appear to be moving from one distinctive phase of their history to another, yet their transition to a new fixed status is not fully realized. India ranks amongst countries where hunger is widespread even with high agricultural yield. Thanks largely to Boswells efforts, Paoli became for a time an international sensation, not only in Britain but also in its North American colonies during the American Revolution. OyRp9*fl"NI9`Tv0O-0w`ao $)]{z$H"hE6%M/t-mXHE-RmdnpuFH)3G3R.V4qG;M/LpXYxj%%=\_IXh86k)k!^dUeAd[%5^0p n*}.O>w\bof^YAG>Y zPIPm*IbpKP\N{@9{N s{R*fcT}WFimXQulk%r_\Y4qK]#. 3 Mh*:"(SV6 >lN`lwv "Quf. The key is that the governed have some degree of control over the government. AuthoritarianismAuthorityDemocracyGovernment. by Robert Mickey, Steven Levitsky, and Lucan Ahmad Way, Foreign Affairs, 17 April 2017: The election of Donald Trump as president of the United States a man who has praised dictators, encouraged violence among supporters, threatened to jail his rival, and labeled the mainstream . (One significant exception, of course, was Washingtons slaves, 17 of whom took the opportunity afforded by the Revolutionary War to flee his plantation in search of freedom. The ambiguity and inconsistency of the political rules in these countries are precisely why different scholars disagree on how to code them, and why, in the end, a more expansive categorization is probably preferable to the narrow one used by Levitsky and Way. To submit a correction for our consideration, click here. Beyond dropping a few hints about their own intuitions, Levitsky and Way treat their causal factors as exogenously determined. Linkages, meanwhile, are positively correlated with income levels (the higher the national income, the more numerous the links with the West).